Brazil

From the introduction: "In this paper, I will be making a small exploration into the question: What variety is present in human languages in regard to a basic, unmarked pragmatic configuration? After presenting some preliminary notions (Sect. 2) and the evidence for Topic-Comment in Mbyá Guaraní, Comment-Topic in Hixkaryana, and Focus-Presupposition in Xavante (Sect. 3-5), I will discuss the problem of V-only languages (Sect. 6), and then some considerations regarding a universal framework for the study of pragmatic configurations (Sect.7)."